Population 38,384 · Census ACS 2020–24
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Population and households in ZIP 23231
Household size in ZIP 23231
| Period | ZIP 23231 | Richmond area | Virginia | U.S. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2006–10 | 2.62 | 2.58 | 2.63 | 2.68 |
| 2010–14 | 2.58 | 2.63 | 2.68 | 2.73 |
| 2015–19 | 2.65 | 2.63 | 2.68 | 2.71 |
| 2020–24 | 2.34 | 2.54 | 2.62 | 2.65 |
| Change | −0.28 | −0.04 | −0.01 | −0.03 |
Households in ZIP 23231 are small: just 2.34 people on average, compared with 2.65 nationally. That is typical of places where many people live alone or as couples, and fewer have children at home. Since 2006–10, household size has dropped from 2.62, a much bigger shift than nationally.
Household size: the average number of people living in each occupied home. Source: BestNeighborhood calculations from U.S. Census Bureau ACS 5-year block-group estimates (table B25010).
Median age in ZIP 23231
| Period | ZIP 23231 | Richmond area | Virginia | U.S. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2006–10 | 36.1 | 38.2 | 38.2 | 37.7 |
| 2010–14 | 39.2 | 39.0 | 39.0 | 38.6 |
| 2015–19 | 40.6 | 40.0 | 40.0 | 39.6 |
| 2020–24 | 42.8 | 39.6 | 40.3 | 40.1 |
| Change | +6.7 | +1.4 | +2.1 | +2.3 |
The median resident of ZIP 23231 is 42.8 years old, older than the national median of 40.1. Since 2006–10, the median age has climbed from 36.1, as it has nationally. Residents skew youngest in the northwest and oldest in the south.
Median age: the age that splits residents into two equal halves. Source: BestNeighborhood calculations from U.S. Census Bureau ACS 5-year block-group estimates (table B01002).
Single-parent households in ZIP 23231
| Period | ZIP 23231 | Richmond area | Virginia | U.S. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2006–10 | 18.1% | 12.4% | 11.1% | 12.3% |
| 2010–14 | 16.5% | 12.4% | 11.0% | 12.3% |
| 2015–19 | 13.8% | 11.3% | 10.5% | 11.6% |
| 2020–24 | 11.9% | 12.5% | 10.7% | 11.6% |
| Change | −6.3 pts | +0.1 pts | −0.4 pts | −0.6 pts |
Single-parent households are about as common in ZIP 23231 as they are nationally: 11.9%, against 11.6%. The single-parent share has fallen 6.3 points since 2006–10, a much bigger shift than nationally.
Single-parent households: households where one adult with no spouse present lives with children under 18. Source: BestNeighborhood calculations from U.S. Census Bureau ACS 5-year block-group estimates (table B11003).
Housing in ZIP 23231
Renters in ZIP 23231
| Period | ZIP 23231 | Richmond area | Virginia | U.S. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2006–10 | 30.0% | 31.5% | 31.1% | 33.3% |
| 2010–14 | 32.8% | 33.8% | 33.3% | 35.6% |
| 2015–19 | 32.2% | 34.4% | 33.7% | 36.0% |
| 2020–24 | 33.1% | 33.0% | 32.7% | 34.8% |
| Change | +3.1 pts | +1.5 pts | +1.5 pts | +1.5 pts |
About a third of households in ZIP 23231 rent their homes (33.1%), close to the national share of 34.8%. Nearly a quarter of owners (24.2%) have paid off their mortgages, well below the national share of 39.8%. Renting is most common in the north and least common in the south. The renter share has risen 3.1 points since 2006–10, mirroring the country.
Renters: occupied homes that are rented rather than owned. Source: BestNeighborhood calculations from U.S. Census Bureau ACS 5-year block-group estimates (table B25003).
Vacant homes in ZIP 23231
| Period | ZIP 23231 | Richmond area | Virginia | U.S. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2006–10 | 7.3% | 9.7% | 10.3% | 11.4% |
| 2010–14 | 7.6% | 10.1% | 10.2% | 11.4% |
| 2015–19 | 8.2% | 8.1% | 9.7% | 11.1% |
| 2020–24 | 6.1% | 8.4% | 8.7% | 9.6% |
| Change | −1.2 pts | −1.3 pts | −1.6 pts | −1.8 pts |
Fewer homes sit empty in ZIP 23231 than nationally: 6.1%, against 9.6% for the U.S. Vacancy has edged down 1.2 points since 2006–10, mirroring the country.
Vacant homes: homes with no one living in them, including vacation homes and homes for sale or rent. Source: BestNeighborhood calculations from U.S. Census Bureau ACS 5-year block-group estimates (table B25002).
Age of homes in ZIP 23231
| Period | ZIP 23231 | Richmond area | Virginia | U.S. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2006–10 | 1981 | 1977 | 1978 | 1974 |
| 2010–14 | 1983 | 1979 | 1980 | 1975 |
| 2015–19 | 1984 | 1980 | 1981 | 1977 |
| 2020–24 | 1990 | 1984 | 1984 | 1980 |
| Change | +9 | +6 | +5 | +6 |
Much of the housing in ZIP 23231 is relatively new: half of its homes were built after 1990, compared with 1980 for the U.S. as a whole. The median year built has moved up from 1981 in 2006–10, a sign of steady new building. The newest homes are mostly in the center, the oldest in the north.
Age of homes: the year that splits the housing stock into older and newer halves. Source: BestNeighborhood calculations from U.S. Census Bureau ACS 5-year block-group estimates (table B25035).
Rent in ZIP 23231
| Period | ZIP 23231 | Richmond area | Virginia | U.S. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2006–10 | $895 | $1,006 | $1,143 | $965 |
| 2010–14 | $1,047 | $1,097 | $1,238 | $1,040 |
| 2015–19 | $1,149 | $1,248 | $1,436 | $1,213 |
| 2020–24 | $1,496 | $1,608 | $1,743 | $1,571 |
| Change | +$601 | +$602 | +$600 | +$606 |
The median renter in ZIP 23231 pays $1,496 a month for rent and utilities, close to the national median of $1,571. Rents here are lower than in the Richmond area overall ($1,608). Rent has climbed $601 a month since 2006–10, up 67%, faster than rents rose nationally. The typical renter here spends 33.1% of household income on rent, well over the 30% mark often used to define affordable rent, so many renters here are stretched.
Rent: monthly rent plus the utilities renters pay themselves. Source: BestNeighborhood calculations from U.S. Census Bureau ACS 5-year block-group estimates (table B25064).
Education in ZIP 23231
Bachelor's degrees in ZIP 23231
| Period | ZIP 23231 | Richmond area | Virginia | U.S. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2006–10 | 20.5% | 33.0% | 35.2% | 28.4% |
| 2010–14 | 22.8% | 34.4% | 36.7% | 29.6% |
| 2015–19 | 22.9% | 38.0% | 39.3% | 32.1% |
| 2020–24 | 28.8% | 41.0% | 42.5% | 35.6% |
| Change | +8.3 pts | +8.0 pts | +7.3 pts | +7.2 pts |
Nearly three in ten adults 25 and older in ZIP 23231 (28.8%) have a bachelor's degree or higher, below the national share of 35.6%. The share with a degree has risen 8.3 points since 2006–10, as it has nationally. College graduates are most concentrated in the south and least in the north.
Bachelor's degrees: adults 25 and older with a bachelor's degree or higher. Source: BestNeighborhood calculations from U.S. Census Bureau ACS 5-year block-group estimates (table B15003).
High school graduates in ZIP 23231
| Period | ZIP 23231 | Richmond area | Virginia | U.S. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2006–10 | 85.3% | 86.5% | 86.8% | 84.9% |
| 2010–14 | 85.3% | 88.1% | 88.3% | 86.1% |
| 2015–19 | 87.8% | 90.0% | 89.9% | 87.7% |
| 2020–24 | 92.1% | 92.3% | 91.6% | 89.3% |
| Change | +6.9 pts | +5.8 pts | +4.7 pts | +4.3 pts |
High school completion in ZIP 23231 is a bit above the national rate: 92.1% of adults have a diploma or equivalent, against 89.3%. The Richmond area as a whole looks much the same. The share with a diploma is up 6.9 points from 2006–10, in line with the national trend.
High school graduates: adults 25 and older with a high school diploma, GED or more. Source: BestNeighborhood calculations from U.S. Census Bureau ACS 5-year block-group estimates (table B15003).
Jobs in ZIP 23231
| Period | ZIP 23231 | Richmond area | Virginia | U.S. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2006–10 | 10.3% | 7.1% | 6.0% | 8.1% |
| 2010–14 | 10.9% | 8.2% | 7.0% | 9.4% |
| 2015–19 | 4.8% | 5.2% | 4.7% | 5.6% |
| 2020–24 | 4.4% | 4.5% | 4.3% | 5.4% |
| Change | −5.9 pts | −2.6 pts | −1.7 pts | −2.7 pts |
Jobs have been a little easier to find in ZIP 23231 than nationally: unemployment was 4.4%, against 5.4%. Since 2006–10, unemployment has fallen 5.9 points, as it has nationally. Because the Census pools five years of responses (2020–24), these rates smooth over short swings and lag the current job market.
Unemployment: people looking for work as a share of everyone working or looking. Source: BestNeighborhood calculations from U.S. Census Bureau ACS 5-year block-group estimates (table B23025).
ZIP 23231 compared with nearby ZIP codes
| ZIP code | Household size | Median age | Single parents | Renters | Vacant homes | Median year built | Median rent | Bachelor's degree | High school diploma | Unemployment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ZIP 23231 | 2.34 | 42.8 | 11.9% | 33.1% | 6.1% | 1990 | $1,496 | 28.8% | 92.1% | 4.4% |
| ZIP 23075 | 2.31 | 37.6 | 28.5% | 39.2% | 10.4% | 1970 | $1,278 | 24.2% | 89.9% | 4.8% |
| ZIP 23223 | 2.24 | 37.4 | 16.6% | 55.4% | 8.9% | 1971 | $1,249 | 33.1% | 89.9% | 6.9% |
| ZIP 23150 | 2.45 | 44.3 | 15.8% | 25.1% | 5.8% | 1976 | $1,109 | 19.3% | 90.3% | 2.9% |
| ZIP 23298 | 1.59 | 21.2 | 6.4% | 100.0% | 64.6% | 1938 | $1,228 | 62.7% | 77.3% | 0.0% |
| ZIP 23219 | 1.41 | 31.6 | 8.2% | 91.6% | 16.7% | 1956 | $1,495 | 61.0% | 94.0% | 9.6% |
| ZIP 23224 | 2.52 | 32.6 | 26.0% | 62.7% | 8.9% | 1971 | $1,219 | 23.9% | 76.9% | 6.2% |
| ZIP 23284 | 1.73 | 19.3 | 10.6% | 74.3% | 13.9% | 1941 | $1,463 | 51.4% | 90.0% | 25.7% |
| ZIP 23234 | 2.77 | 36.1 | 17.9% | 41.7% | 7.3% | 1978 | $1,481 | 21.4% | 81.3% | 5.8% |
| ZIP 23220 | 1.95 | 28.6 | 11.0% | 66.2% | 10.1% | 1955 | $1,450 | 56.2% | 94.2% | 9.4% |
| ZIP 23222 | 2.61 | 35.1 | 19.9% | 44.1% | 10.8% | 1956 | $1,327 | 34.4% | 90.8% | 6.0% |
All figures 2020–24.
Zip codes with similar populations: 06460, CT · 08080, NJ · 60477, IL · 55016, MN · 35216, AL · 23831, VA · 49341, MI · 91776, CA · 55311, MN · 49120, MI
About these numbers
Every figure on this page is a BestNeighborhood calculation from the Census Bureau's American Community Survey (ACS), built up from the Census block groups that make up ZIP 23231. Each ACS 5-year release pools five years of responses; this page shows the last 15 releases, 2006–10 through 2020–24. Neighboring releases share four of their five years, so they move gradually and small changes between them are within the survey's margin of error; in small places the lines can jump from one release to the next for the same reason. The maps show the same measures for each neighborhood, ranked against the whole country.
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