23304 leans Republican by roughly 16 points: about 42% of voters vote Democratic and 58% Republican.
About more than 99% of adults in 23304 typically vote, above the U.S. average of about 62%. Among adults in 23304, ~44% vote Democratic, ~61% Republican, and ~-5% don't vote. The map below shows estimated turnout by block group.
How 23304 compares
Among zip codes within 15 miles, 23304 leans more Republican than 26 of 29 neighbors.
23304 runs about 21 points more Republican than Virginia as a whole. Virginia leans Democratic overall, while 23304 is one of the few Republican-leaning pockets.
Why 23304 leans the way it does
This analysis examined 14,881 data points per zip code to find what predicts political lean and turnout. The items below are a few correlations that stood out for 23304, not a ranked or complete list of what matters most.
Areas with many family households vote Republican. About 83% of households in 23304 are family households, about 16 points above the U.S. average of 67%. 23304 runs against the grain of Virginia, a Republican-leaning pocket in a Democratic-leaning state.
Homeownership and voter turnout
Places with homeowner-heavy households tend to turn out at a higher rate; 23304, VA sits in the top tenth nationally on this measure.
Why turnout in 23304 looks the way it does
Areas with strong routine healthcare access turn out at higher rates. 23304 is in the top quarter nationally for routine-care measures such as insurance coverage, preventive screenings, and dental visits. The dental-visit rate here is about 75%, about 15 points above the U.S. average of 60%. Homeowners vote more often than renters, and about 96% of households in 23304 own their home, compared to around 68% in nearby zip codes. High high-school completion lines up with higher turnout, and more than 99% of adults in 23304 have completed high school, in the top fraction of zip codes. Learn more about the findings and methodology on the political spectrum map.
Nearby Zip Codes
Zip Codes with Similar Populations
Sources and methodology
Precinct-level voting records used to fit the model come from Virginia Department of Elections, distributed by the Voting and Election Science Team. Demographic inputs come from the U.S. Census Bureau (ACS 5-year estimates and the 2020 Decennial Census). Health and environmental inputs come from the CDC (PLACES and the Environmental Justice Index). Land cover comes from the USGS and EPA. Election-day and lead-up weather come from PRISM 4km daily grids and the NOAA Global Historical Climatology Network. Mail-voting and election-administration patterns come from the MIT Election Lab's Survey of the Performance of American Elections. Block-group crime detail comes from CrimeGrade. Internet data and modeling support provided by ISPreports.org.
Modeling and analysis by the BestNeighborhood data science team. Full methodology and findings: political spectrum map.
Methodology reviewed by the BestNeighborhood data team. Last updated May 2026.