23301 leans slightly Republican by roughly 12 points: about 44% of voters vote Democratic and 56% Republican.
About 50% of adults in 23301 typically vote, below the U.S. average of about 62%. Among adults in 23301, ~22% vote Democratic, ~28% Republican, and ~50% don't vote. The map below shows estimated turnout by block group.
How 23301 compares
Among zip codes within 15 miles, 23301 leans more Republican than 7 of 23 neighbors.
23301 runs about 17 points more Republican than Virginia as a whole. Virginia leans Democratic overall, while 23301 is one of the few Republican-leaning pockets.
Politics vary noticeably by block within 23301. The south side is the most split-leaning (R+13) and the northeast side is the least split-leaning (R+2), a spread of about 11 points.
Why 23301 leans the way it does
This analysis examined 14,881 data points per zip code to find what predicts political lean and turnout. The items below are a few correlations that stood out for 23301, not a ranked or complete list of what matters most.
Areas with low college attainment vote Republican. About 13% of adults in 23301 hold a bachelor's degree, about 16 points below the Virginia average of 29%. 23301 runs against the grain of Virginia, a Republican-leaning pocket in a Democratic-leaning state.
Preventive-care access and voter turnout
Places with limited routine preventive-care access tend to turn out at a lower rate; 23301, VA sits in the bottom tenth nationally on this measure. Dental visits do not drive turnout; the rate reflects income, insurance, and healthcare access, which line up with who votes.
Why turnout in 23301 looks the way it does
Areas with limited routine healthcare access turn out at lower rates. 23301 is in the bottom quarter nationally for routine-care measures such as insurance coverage, preventive screenings, and dental visits. The dental-visit rate here is about 48%, about 16 points below the Virginia average of 64%. High food insecurity lines up with lower turnout, and about 35% of adults in 23301 report food insecurity, above 96% of zip codes. Low high-school completion lines up with lower turnout, and about 74% of adults in 23301 have completed high school, below 96% of zip codes. Learn more about the findings and methodology on the political spectrum map.
Nearby Zip Codes
Zip Codes with Similar Populations
Sources and methodology
Precinct-level voting records used to fit the model come from Virginia Department of Elections, distributed by the Voting and Election Science Team. Demographic inputs come from the U.S. Census Bureau (ACS 5-year estimates and the 2020 Decennial Census). Health and environmental inputs come from the CDC (PLACES and the Environmental Justice Index). Land cover comes from the USGS and EPA. Election-day and lead-up weather come from PRISM 4km daily grids and the NOAA Global Historical Climatology Network. Mail-voting and election-administration patterns come from the MIT Election Lab's Survey of the Performance of American Elections. Block-group crime detail comes from CrimeGrade. Internet data and modeling support provided by ISPreports.org.
Modeling and analysis by the BestNeighborhood data science team. Full methodology and findings: political spectrum map.
Methodology reviewed by the BestNeighborhood data team. Last updated May 2026.